Efficacy and safety of iota-carrageenan, ivermectin compared to standard care/placebo

The information presented in the summary of findings table below comes from a living network meta-analysis that combines all the available evidence on prophylactic interventions for COVID-19. This statistical approach allows us to obtain estimates of effect for all potential comparisons, even those that have not been compared head-to-head in trials. We present the most trustworthy estimates of effect, based on the GRADE approach.

Comparison of iota-carrageenan, ivermectin to standard care/placebo:

Summary of Findings Table

Population: People at risk of COVID-19

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OutcomeN studies / participants with direct evidenceRelative effect estimatesAbsolute effect estimatesCertainty of the EvidencePlain language summarySource of highest certainty estimate
Mortality
(closest to 90 days)
No data were reported for this outcome.
Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection0 RCTs; 0 patientsOdds Ratio: 0.12
(95% CI 0.03 - 0.45)		Difference: 56 fewer per 1000
(95% CI 65 fewer to 36 fewer)		VERY LOWDue to very serious risk of bias, very serious imprecision, We are very uncertain about the effect of iota-carrageenan, ivermectin on laboratory-confirmed infection compared to standard care/placeboNMA
Suspected, probable, or laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection
No data were reported for this outcome.
Admission to hospital (within 28 days)
No data were reported for this outcome.
Adverse events leading to discontinuation (within 28 days)1 RCTs;
429 patients		N/ADifference: 0 fewer per 1000
(95% CI 17 fewer to 17 more)		MODERATEDue to serious risk of bias, Iota-carrageenan, ivermectin probably has little or no impact on laboratory-confirmed infection compared to standard care/placeboNMA
Time to symptom(s) resolution (in days)
No data were reported for this outcome.

Abbreviations: AE, adverse events; 95% CI, 95% credible interval; NMA, network meta-analysis; N/A, not applicable; RCT, randomized control trial; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus 2

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence

High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect.

Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different.

Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect.

Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect.

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