Summary of the effects of all available interventions compared to standard care

The information presented in the figure below comes from a living network meta-analysis that combines all the available evidence on antibodies and cellular therapies for treatment of COVID-19. This statistical approach allows us to obtain estimates of effect for all potential comparisons, even those that have not been compared head-to-head in trials. We present the most trustworthy estimates of absolute effect for all available antibodies and cellular therapies for COVID-19 versus standard care. The colours distinguish between the most beneficial and harmful interventions compared to standard care, while the shading of cells indicates the certainty of the evidence of a particular drug based on the GRADE approach.

High/ moderate certainty

Low certainty

Very low certainty

No Evidence

Among the most
beneficial

Intermediate
benefit

Not convincingly
different
than standard care

Intermediate
harm

Among the most
harmful

Non severe disease
Mortality (closest to 90 days) Mechanical ventilation (closest to 90 days) Admission to hospital (within 28 days) Viral clearance closest to 7 days (± 3 days) Adverse events leading to discontinuation (within 28 days) Infusion reactions (within 28 days) TRALI*** TACO*** Length of hospital stay (in days) Time to symptom resolution (in days) Time to viral clearance (in days) Mechanical ventilation-free days (within 28 days; in days) Length of intensive care unit stay (in days) Duration of mechanical ventilation (in days)
Non severe disease
Standard care
Bamlanivimab
Bamlanivimab, etesevimab
Casirivimab, imdevimab
Convalescent plasma
CT-P59 monoclonal antibody
Intravenous immunoglobulin
Sotrovimab
Severe or critical disease
Standard care
Bamlanivimab
Casirivimab, imdevimab
Control plasma
Convalescent plasma
Intravenous immunoglobulin
All severities
Standard care
Bamlanivimab
Bamlanivimab, etesevimab
Casirivimab, imdevimab
Control plasma
Convalescent plasma
CT-P59 monoclonal antibody
Intravenous immunoglobulin
Puried equine anti-RBD
Sotrovimab
Mortality (closest to 90 days) Mechanical ventilation (closest to 90 days) Admission to hospital (within 28 days) Viral clearance closest to 7 days (± 3 days) Adverse events leading to discontinuation (within 28 days) Infusion reactions (within 28 days) TRALI*** TACO*** Length of hospital stay (in days) Time to symptom resolution (in days) Time to viral clearance (in days) Mechanical ventilation-free days (within 28 days; in days) Length of intensive care unit stay (in days) Duration of mechanical ventilation (in days)
3 per 1000
6 per 1000
60 per 1000
160 per 1000
14 days
9 days
24 days
-2 (-3 to 83) tooltip
-41 (-57 to -6)
2 (-113 to 216)
-1 (-3 to 3)
4 (-15 to 43)
-3 (-3 to 0) tooltip
-38 (-54 to -9)
57 (-97 to 319)
-1 (-3 to 1)
1 (-16 to 35)
-1 (-3 to 1) tooltip
-4 (-6 to 2)
-42 (-50 to -30)
-2 (-4 to -1)
-1 (-2 to 2) tooltip
-1 (-5 to 4)
132 (-15 to 348)
-4 (-10 to 1)
-2 (-3 to 90) tooltip
4 (-7 to 231) tooltip
-24 (-52 to 37)
94 (-72 to 352)
-3 (-5 to 0)
3 (-16 to 40)
-2 (-3 to 30) tooltip
-5 (-7 to 27) tooltip
-48 (-58 to -25)
220 per 1000
300 per 1000
12 days
14 days
4 days
-7 (-79 to 82)
118 (-41 to 307)
-14 (-56 to 20)
-14 (-135 to 115)
-1 (-2 to 1)
-1 (-2 to 0)
1 (0 to 2) tooltip
-53 (-119 to 29)
-70 (-189 to 80)
-2 (-6 to 2)
0 per 1000
3 per 1000
0 per 1000
0 per 1000
-2 (-12 to 9) tooltip
3 (-1 to 10)
5 (-2 to 27)
-2 (-4 to 0) tooltip
6 (-1 to 29)
8 (-2 to 45)
2 (-31 to 34) tooltip
6 (1 to 18)
0 (-5 to 6) tooltip
5 (-1 to 12) tooltip
-1 (-2 to 7)
25 (-14 to 64) tooltip
0 (-16 to 16) tooltip
0 (-2 to 14)