The information presented in the figure below comes from a living network meta-analysis that combines all the available evidence on antibodies and cellular therapies for treatment of COVID-19. This statistical approach allows us to obtain estimates of effect for all potential comparisons, even those that have not been compared head-to-head in trials. We present the most trustworthy estimates of absolute effect for all available antibodies and cellular therapies for COVID-19 versus standard care. The colours distinguish between the most beneficial and harmful interventions compared to standard care, while the shading of cells indicates the certainty of the evidence of a particular drug based on the GRADE approach.
High/ moderate certainty
Low certainty
Very low certainty
No Evidence
Among the most
beneficial
Intermediate
benefit
Not convincingly
different
than standard care
Intermediate
harm
Among the most
harmful
Mortality (closest to 90 days) | Mechanical ventilation (closest to 90 days) | Admission to hospital (within 28 days) | Viral clearance closest to 7 days (± 3 days) | Adverse events leading to discontinuation (within 28 days) | Infusion reactions (within 28 days) | TRALI*** | TACO*** | Length of hospital stay (in days) | Time to symptom resolution (in days) | Time to viral clearance (in days) | Mechanical ventilation-free days (within 28 days; in days) | Length of intensive care unit stay (in days) | Duration of mechanical ventilation (in days) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non severe disease
|
Standard care
|
Bamlanivimab
|
Bamlanivimab, etesevimab
|
Casirivimab, imdevimab
|
Convalescent plasma
|
CT-P59 monoclonal antibody
|
Intravenous immunoglobulin
|
Sotrovimab
|
Severe or critical disease
|
Standard care
|
Bamlanivimab
|
Casirivimab, imdevimab
|
Control plasma
|
Convalescent plasma
|
Intravenous immunoglobulin
|
All severities
|
Standard care
|
Bamlanivimab
|
Bamlanivimab, etesevimab
|
Casirivimab, imdevimab
|
Control plasma
|
Convalescent plasma
|
CT-P59 monoclonal antibody
|
Intravenous immunoglobulin
|
Puried equine anti-RBD
|
Sotrovimab
|
Mortality (closest to 90 days) | Mechanical ventilation (closest to 90 days) | Admission to hospital (within 28 days) | Viral clearance closest to 7 days (± 3 days) | Adverse events leading to discontinuation (within 28 days) | Infusion reactions (within 28 days) | TRALI*** | TACO*** | Length of hospital stay (in days) | Time to symptom resolution (in days) | Time to viral clearance (in days) | Mechanical ventilation-free days (within 28 days; in days) | Length of intensive care unit stay (in days) | Duration of mechanical ventilation (in days) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 per 1000
|
6 per 1000
|
60 per 1000
|
160 per 1000
|
14 days
|
9 days
|
24 days
| |||||||
-41 (-57 to -6)
|
2 (-113 to 216)
|
-1 (-3 to 3)
|
4 (-15 to 43)
| ||||||||||
-38 (-54 to -9)
|
57 (-97 to 319)
|
-1 (-3 to 1)
|
1 (-16 to 35)
| ||||||||||
-4 (-6 to 2)
|
-42 (-50 to -30)
|
-2 (-4 to -1)
| |||||||||||
-1 (-5 to 4)
|
132 (-15 to 348)
|
-4 (-10 to 1)
| |||||||||||
-24 (-52 to 37)
|
94 (-72 to 352)
|
-3 (-5 to 0)
|
3 (-16 to 40)
| ||||||||||
-48 (-58 to -25)
| |||||||||||||
220 per 1000
|
300 per 1000
|
12 days
|
14 days
|
4 days
| |||||||||
-7 (-79 to 82)
| |||||||||||||
118 (-41 to 307)
| |||||||||||||
-14 (-56 to 20)
|
-14 (-135 to 115)
|
-1 (-2 to 1)
|
-1 (-2 to 0)
| ||||||||||
-53 (-119 to 29)
|
-70 (-189 to 80)
|
-2 (-6 to 2)
| |||||||||||
0 per 1000
|
3 per 1000
|
0 per 1000
|
0 per 1000
| ||||||||||
3 (-1 to 10)
| |||||||||||||
5 (-2 to 27)
| |||||||||||||
6 (-1 to 29)
| |||||||||||||
8 (-2 to 45)
| |||||||||||||
6 (1 to 18)
| |||||||||||||
-1 (-2 to 7)
| |||||||||||||
0 (-2 to 14)
|
The expected risk of each outcome with standard care is reported in the grey row. For mortality, we used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on patients who were hospitalised with COVID-19. For mechanical ventilation, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, and duration of hospitalisation, we used baseline risks from the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection COVID-19 (ISARIC) database. For all other outcomes, we used the median from all studies in which participants received standard of care to calculate the baseline risk for each outcome, with each study weighed equally.
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